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What does Idgham mean?
Idgham means merging and it occurs when Noon Sakinah (the letter noon without any vowel signs) or Tanween (the nasal sound indicated by diacritical marks on top of the letter noon) are followed by specific Arabic letters, Instead of pronouncing both letters distinctly, they blend seamlessly, creating a smoother flow in recitation.
1- Linguistic Meaning: The root verb for Idgham in Arabic is أدغم (adghama), which means to insert a rein into a horse’s mouth. This analogy illustrates how a non-voweled letter is hidden or merged inside a voweled letter, similar to a rein being concealed inside a horse’s mouth.
2- Definition in Tajweed: Idgham in Tajweed involves merging two letters during Quranic recitation to achieve a more fluid sound. The term ‘Idgham’ literally means “to merge” or “to add one thing into another.”
What are types of Idgham ?
ldgham is divided into two types:
1- ldgham with Ghunnah
2- ldgham without Ghunnah
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What are letters of ldgham with Ghunnah ?
The Letters for ldgham with Ghunnah are : (ي-ن-م-و)
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How to pronounce ldgham with Ghunnah ?
If the Noon Sakinah or the Tanween is followed by any of these four letters (ي-ن-م-و) , the reciter should skip the Noon Sakinah or the Tanween and pronounce the following letter with Ghunnah (from the nasal cavity)..
- Examples of ldghaam with Ghunnah from Quran:
(وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ)
(وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاعِمَةٌ)
(فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَة)ٌ
(من مَّالِ اللَّهِ)
1- Noon Sakinah Idgham: When a word ending with Noon Sakinah is followed by a word beginning with one of the following letters (ب، ج، ح، خ، ع، غ، ف، ق، ك، م، ه، و، ي), the two letters merge. For instance, in the phrase “بِسْمِ اللَّهِ” (Bismillah), the noon and lam blend smoothly.
2- Tanween Idgham: Similar to Noon Sakinah, Tanween (nasal sound) merges with the following letters. For example, in “رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ” (Rabbil ‘Alameen), the tanween merges with the lam.
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What are letters for ldgham without Ghunnah ?
The Letters for ldghaam without Ghunnah : (ل-ر)
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How to pronounce ldgham without Ghunnah ?
If Noon Sakinah or the Tanween is followed by any of these two letters (ل-ر), the reciter should skip the Noon Sakinah or the Tanween and pronounce the following letter without Ghunnah.
- Examples of ldgham without Ghunnah:
(مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ)
(مِنْ لَبَنٍ)
(غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ)
(سَائِغًا لِّلشَّارِبِينَ)
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Exception:
Note: the Noon Saakin or the Tanween and the Idgham letter have to be in
two different words, otherwise the reader is not Supposed to do Idghaam. In
this case it will be Izhaar Motlaq (أظهار مطلق)and this case can be found only
in 4 words in Quran
Quiz on idgham with ghunna and without ghunna:
1- What is the difference between idgham with ghunna and without ghunna?
2- find out 5 examples of idgham with ghunna from juzz amma?