Let’s delve into the fascinating world of “Sifaat Al-Huroof”—the unique characteristics of Arabic letters. These attributes play a crucial role in proper pronunciation and recitation of the Qur’an. 📜
Understanding Sifaat Al-Huroof
Sifaat Al-Huroof refers to the specific qualities or characteristics of each letter in the Arabic alphabet. These attributes differentiate one letter from another and contribute to the correct articulation of sounds. Let’s explore them in detail:
1. The Permanent Sifaat of Al- Huroof with Opposites
These are the essential qualities of letters that have corresponding opposites:
- Aljahr (الجهر): This quality involves a strong and audible pronunciation of a letter when it carries a sukoon (a diacritic indicating the absence of a vowel sound). The air flow is stopped at the makhraj (articulation point) of the letter. Examples include فحثه شخص سكت.
- Practice example of Aljahr: Pronouncing a letter with a sukoon, emphasizing its sound.
- Opposite of Aljahr: Alhams (whispering), where there is a slight continuation of breath upon pronunciation.
- Ashiddah (الشدة): This quality involves a firm and intense pronunciation of a letter when it carries a sukoon. It requires exerting pressure at the makhraj.
- Practice example of Ashiddah: Pronouncing a letter with a sukoon, emphasizing its strength.
- At-Tawassut (التوسط): An intermediate level of intensity lies between Ashiddah and Arakhawa.
- Opposite of Ashiddah: Arakhawa (softness), where the sound continues gently.
- Isti’laa (الاستعلاء): This quality refers to the raising of the tongue during pronunciation.
- Opposite of Isti’laa: Istifaa (lowering), where the tongue remains closer to the palate.
- Infitaa (الانفتاح): This quality involves the opening of the mouth during pronunciation.
- Opposite of Infitaa: Itbaaq (closure), where the mouth remains more closed.
- Idhlaq (الازلاق): This quality relates to the smooth gliding of the tongue during pronunciation.
- Opposite of Idhlaq: Ismat (stopping), where the tongue momentarily halts.
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- Opposite of Idhlaq: Ismat (stopping), where the tongue momentarily halts.
2. The Permanent Sifaat without Opposites
These qualities do not have direct opposites but are equally important:
- Alhams (الهمس): It refers to the whispering or slight continuation of breath upon pronunciation of a letter with a sukoon. Ten letters exhibit this quality.
- Example: (فحثه شخص سكت)
- Note: Whispering also occurs when the letter has other diacritics (harakaat), but it is less pronounced.
- Arakhawa (الرخاوة): This quality involves the gentle continuation of sound when a letter carries a sukoon. It contrasts with Aljahr.
- Example: Pronouncing a letter softly with a sukoon.
Remember, understanding Sifaat Al-Huroof enhances our recitation of the Qur’an, ensuring accuracy and reverence.
For further exploration, consider taking an online course with experienced Arabic teachers who specialize in Tajweed. May your journey into the world of Arabic letters be enlightening!
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