Makharij Al-Huroof | Articulation Points of Arabic letters

Let’s delve into the fascinating world of “Makharij Al-Huroof”—the points of articulation for Arabic letters. Understanding these makharij is essential for precise pronunciation and recitation of the Qur’an.

What Are Makharij Al-Huroof?

Makharij Al-Huroof refers to the specific places within the vocal tract from which different Arabic letters originate. Each letter has a unique makhraj, and mastering these points ensures accurate enunciation. Let’s explore the primary makharij:

1. Jawf (Empty Space in Mouth and Throat)

The jawf refers to the empty space in the mouth and throat. When pronouncing letters from the jawf, the tongue remains relaxed at the bottom of the mouth, allowing air to flow freely. The following letters originate from the jawf:

• Alif (sakin with a fatha before it)
• Wow (sakin with a dhammah before it)
• Yaa (sakin with a kasrah before it).
  
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2. Al-Halq (The Throat)

The throat has three distinct makharij:

1. Aqsal Halq (lowest part of the throat, closest to the chest):
   • Letters from this makhraj: ء and ه.
2. Wastal Halq (middle part of the throat):
   • Letters from this makhraj: ع and ح.
3. Adnal Halq (highest part of the throat):
   • Letters from this makhraj: غ and خ.

3. Al-Lisaan (The Tongue)

Several makharij are found on the tongue:

1. Aqsal Lisaan (deepest part of the tongue):
   • ق: Originates from the extreme back of the tongue, hitting the soft palate.
   • ك: Arises from the back of the tongue, just in front of the ق, hitting the hard palate.
2. Wastul Lisaan (middle of the tongue):
   • Letters from this makhraj: ص, ض, ط, ظ, and ي (different from the ي in the jawf).
3. Hafatul Lisaan (sides of the tongue):
   • ض: Pronounced with the sides of the tongue touching the gums close to the upper molars.
     • Three variations: left side, right side, or both sides touching the gums.
   • ل: Originates from the tip of the tongue, touching the gums from one side to the other.
4. Tarful Lisaan (front tip of the tongue):
   • ن: Part of the tongue slightly behind the ل, hitting the palate right above it.
   • ر: Also slightly behind the ن, touching the palate above it.

4. Al-Shafatain (The Lips)

The lips contribute to the pronunciation of certain letters, such as ب, م, and و.

5. Al-Khayshoom (The Nasal Passage)

The nasal passage is the makhraj for the letter ن when it is pronounced nasally.

Mastering these makharij enhances our recitation of the Qur’an, ensuring reverence and accuracy. May your journey into the intricacies of Arabic letters be enlightening!

For further exploration, consider taking an online course with experienced Arabic teachers who specialize in Tajweed.

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